Pre-Inca Peru refers to the period in Peru's history before the arrival of the Inca Empire in the 15th century. During this time, several complex civilizations developed in the region, each with its own unique culture, religion, and political organization.
One of the most prominent pre-Inca civilizations in Peru was the Moche culture, which flourished from around 100-700 CE in the northern coastal region of the country. The Moche people were skilled in agriculture, metalworking, and textiles, and they built impressive adobe brick structures and irrigation systems. They also had a sophisticated religion centered around human sacrifice and the worship of various deities.
Another notable pre-Inca civilization was the Nazca culture, which emerged around 200 BCE in the southern coastal region of Peru. The Nazca people are known for their intricate geoglyphs, which are large designs etched into the desert floor. These designs, which include animals, plants, and geometric shapes, are only visible from the air and are thought to have had ritual or astronomical significance.
The Chavín culture, which emerged in the central Andean highlands around 900 BCE, is also an important pre-Inca civilization. The Chavín people built impressive stone temples and developed a complex religion centered around a god-like figure known as the Lanzón. They also had a sophisticated system of underground drainage and ventilation that allowed them to build structures at high altitudes.
The Wari culture, which emerged in the southern highlands of Peru around 600 CE, is another important pre-Inca civilization. The Wari people developed a complex system of roads and administrative centers, which allowed them to control a large territory. They also developed a distinctive style of art and pottery.
The Tiwanaku culture, which emerged around 400 CE near Lake Titicaca on the border between Peru and Bolivia, is also an important pre-Inca civilization. The Tiwanaku people built impressive stone structures, including the Akapana Pyramid and the Sun Gate, and developed a sophisticated agriculture system based on raised fields and canals.
Overall, pre-Inca Peru was a period of great cultural and technological development in the region. The civilizations that emerged during this time laid the foundation for the later Inca Empire, which would go on to dominate the region for centuries. The legacy of these pre-Inca cultures can still be seen in the art, architecture, and traditions of modern-day Peru.
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